Primobius

A wholly owned subsidiary of SMS group, it combines its own recycling flowsheets with SMS group's plant engineering. Its plants cover battery discharging and disassembly, water-based wet shredding to recover copper, aluminium and ferrous metals and concentrate black mass, and hydrometallurgical refining at moderate temperatures to produce battery-grade lithium, nickel, cobalt and manganese salts. Customers can buy single stages or a full plant, or license the technology. It also operates a demonstration plant in Hilchenbach, which now offers recycling services.

The 2025 Battery Report shows Primobius in the Recycling box of its map of startups and university spin-offs.